Ishidi lepulasitiki, njengezinto ezibalulekile zesisekelo embonini yanamuhla nokwakha, lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganisweni, ekuhlolweni kwezakhiwo, ukukhombisa ukukhangisa, ukuvikelwa kokugqwayiza kwamakhemikhali, nezinye izinkambu. Ikhwalithi yenqubo yayo eyakhayo ithinta ngqo ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza zeshidi. Ngentuthuko eqhubekayo ye-polymer wezinto zesayensi kanye nezobuchwepheshe zokucubungula, izindlela zepulasitiki ezakha zandayo, nenqubo ngayinye ekhombisa umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle, ngokunemba, kanye nokusebenza. Le ndatshana yethula ngokuhlelekile izinqubo eziphambili zepulasitiki zokwakha, ihlaziya izici zayo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza, futhi zidingida izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe zezimboni.
I. Sibutsetelo lezinqubo zepulasitiki zokwakha izinqubo
Ishidi lepulasitiki lakha empeleni libandakanya ukuguqula izinto ezingavuthiwe zepulasitiki (njengezigcawu, ama-powders, noma ama-liquid resendins) emikhiqizweni ekhethekile, ubukhulu kanye nezinqubo ze-thermodynamic nezemishini. Ngokuya ngefomu elibonakalayo eluhlaza kanye nendlela yokucubungula, inqubo eyakheka ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: Ukwakheka kwe-thermoplastic kanye nokwakheka kwe-thermoset. I-Thermoplastics (efana ne-polyethylene (pe), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ne-polycarbonate (PV), i-polycarbonate (PC) isibe yizinto zokushisa futhi ziba nzima ngokupholisa, okuholela ebangeni elibanzi lezinqubo.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Zokusebenza Kweplanethi Ezakhiwo Ezakhekayo
Inqubo yokukhishwa
Ukukhishwa kuyinqubo eqhubekayo esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ishidi lepulasitiki, elilungele ama-thermoplastics amaningi. Okokusebenza kwayo okuyisisekelo kuyinto eyengeziwe (ehlanganisa isikulufa, umgqomo, kanye nohlelo lokushisa) kanye ne-T - i-hanger ye-hanger. Ukugeleza kwenqubo kungokulandelayo: Ngemuva kokumiswa kanye nokwelashwa kwe- -, impahla eluhlaza epulasitiki iyafuthelwa futhi yacindezelwa ku-barrel ngesikhafu, bese ikhishwe ngokufa ukuze kwakhiwe ishidi eliqhubekayo. Leli shidi libekiwe futhi libunjiwe kusetshenziswa i-carlender ezintathu Ekugcineni, kudlula umqulu wokupholisa osendaweni yokupholisa okusheshayo nokubumba, bese kudonswa bese usikwa ukukhiqiza ishidi eliqediwe.
Le nqubo ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza (isivinini somugqa esifinyelela kumashumi amamitha ngomzuzu) nokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ilungele ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu -} ukukhiqizwa kwamashidi amashidi anobukhulu obulinganayo (ngaphakathi kwe- Ngokushintsha ukwakheka okufa, isivinini sejubane, kanye nemingcele yokushisa, ungqimba olulodwa Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kokukhishwa kukhawulelwe ukungaguquki kwayo okumpofu kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezintathu kanye nezidingo zayo eziphakeme ezifuywayo (ngokuvamile ezidinga inkomba yokuncibilika (mi) enkulu noma ilingana ne-1g / 10min).
Ukuqamba okushisayo kokucindezela (indlela yokubumba)
Ukubumba okushisayo kokucindezela kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwamashidi aminyene noma amaphrofayli amapulasitiki we-thermoset (njengama-phenolic resins nama-thermoxy resins) namanye ama-thermoxy (afana ne-polyimide (PI)). Umgomo ukubeka ishidi lepulasitiki elilungiselelwe (noma i-powder / ama-granules) kubumba wensimbi, uthambe ngokushisa (ngokujwayelekile 150-300 degree), bese usebenzisa ingcindezi (5-50mpa) ukugcwalisa umunyu owufunayo.
Isici esiyinhloko sale nqubo yikhono laso ukukhiqiza izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi (njengokufakwa kwezimboni Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kwabezindaba okushisayo kunomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza (umjikelezo owodwa wokubumba ngokujwayelekile kusuka emizuzwini eminingana kuya kumashumi amaminithi imizuzu) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu (ukufudumeza kokushisa kanye nokupholisa amandla okusebenzisa amandla angaphezu kwama-40%. Ngakho-ke, ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ngezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile, njenge-aerospace nezingxenye zezimoto.
Ukubumba komjovo (okukhethekile kwamashidi amancanyana)
Yize ukubumba kokujola kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezintathu -, kungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza amashidi epulasitiki aphansi (<2mm thick) through optimized mold design (such as using flat flow channels and thin-walled cavities). The process involves melting plastic granules in the injection molding barrel and injecting them into a split mold under high pressure (80-200 MPa). After cooling and solidification, the mold is opened and removed.
Izinzuzo zokubumba umjovo zifaka ukuqeda okuphezulu komhlaba (i-RA 0.1μm noma ngaphansi) kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa ukufakwa (njengokuqiniswa kwensimbi okushumekiwe). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo ekwakhiweni kwesango le-Mold Late kanye nokufana okupholile, kunzima ukukhiqiza amashidi amakhulu noma amashidi anobukhulu obungalingani. Njengamanje, le nqubo isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kuzicelo zokuphela eziphakeme
Ezinye izinqubo ezisizayo
Ngaphezu kwezinqubo ezisetshenziswayo ezishiwo ngenhla, ezinye zezimo ezikhethekile nazo zidinga ukuvumelanisa (ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kwegebe eliphakathi kwe-PVC Floor Cobers, kanye ne-Thermoforming (ukulungiswa kwesibili (ukulungiswa kwesibili (ukucubungula okufana nokushisa ebhokisini). Lezi zinqubo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinqubo zokungezelela ngokubambisana nendlela eyisisekelo yokubumba.
III. Izitayela zezobuchwepheshe nezinselelo
Njengamanje, izinqubo zokubumba amasheya epulasitiki ziyathuthuka ekusebenzeni kahle, ekuhlakanizeni nasezinhlungwini eziluhlaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwethulwa kwe-Intendent Internet ne-Machine Vision Technologies kunika amandla okuqapha isikhathi okungokoqobo kanye nokulawulwa kwamapharamitha afana nokushisa kwe-extrud kukhuphukile ku- ± 0.5 degree), ngcono kakhulu ukuqina kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zisebenza ngokushayela izinqubo zokubumba ze-bio - okusekelwe ku-plastics (njenge-polylactic acid (PLA)) nezinto zokwakha kabusha. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokushisa okuphansi - buthuthukiswe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye ne-co {- ukuguqulwa kanye nokuguqulwa kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukucubungula amapulasitiki asetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, imboni isabhekene nezinselelo: okokuqala, okuphezulu {0- izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (eliphakeme kakhulu {aspenting Okwesibili, ezinye izinqubo zendabuko (ezinjengokucindezela okushisayo) zinamazinga aphansi ezishintshayo futhi zidinga ukungenelela okwenziwe ngesandla, ukuvimbela ukuncishiswa kwezindleko ezinamandla. Ngokuzayo, ngokuhlanganiswa okujulile kwezinto zokwakha, ubunjiniyela bemishini, kanye nokulawula okukhaliphile, izinqubo zeplastiki zokwakha kulindeleke ukuthi zithuthukise ukucindezela imingcele yokusebenza futhi zinwebe ama-Photovoltaic bacleshits) kanye nezokwelapha (njengamashidi we-sterile ophethe).
Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yepulasitiki eyakha ishidi kudinga ukucubungula okuphelele kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izidingo zomkhiqizo, kanye nokubiza -. Ukusuka ekucindezelweni okushisayo kwendabuko ekukhishweni okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kokulawulwa okunengqondo okuqondayo, inqubo ngayinye idlala indima engenakuphikwa ezimweni ezithile. Ngokuqalwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo, izinto zephepha leplastiki zizokhombisa izinzuzo zazo zokungalingani, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusebenza kalula kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, ukuba yizicelo ezibalulekile ezisekela ukwenziwa ngcono kokukhiqizwa kwanamuhla.
